Uncontacted hunter-gatherers in Indonesia are facing an “immediate threat of genocide” due to nickel mining on their ancestral lands, claims a report by Survival International. The Hongana Manyawa, an Indigenous people of Halmahera Island, are seeing their forest home destroyed as the global demand for minerals used in electric vehicle batteries accelerates.
Known as “the people of the forest,” the Hongana Manyawa rely on the rainforest for survival. Of the estimated 3,500 Hongana Manyawa on the island, about 500 remain uncontacted. Nickel mining operations now cover about 40% of their territory, raising cultural extinction and ecological devastation concerns.
Mining’s Impact on Indigenous Lands
Survival International’s report singles out PT Weda Bay Nickel (PT WBN), owned by French company Eramet, as a significant contributor to the crisis. The NGO alleges Eramet has known risks to uncontacted communities since 2013 but proceeded with operations. Videos have surfaced showing tribespeople resisting mining activities or being driven from their forest homes to beg for food at mining camps.
The report calls for immediate recognition of the Hongana Manyawa’s territory, the cessation of mining activities, and the establishment of a “no-go zone” to ensure their survival.
Contrasting Claims
Eramet disputes the allegations, asserting that Hongana Manyawa individuals near the mining concession have been in “regular and voluntary contact” with workers. The company stated that its protocols require culturally sensitive behaviour during any interactions. Eramet also emphasised its commitment to international human rights and responsible mining standards.
Global Trend of Exploitation
The situation in Halmahera reflects a broader conflict between the extraction of critical minerals for low-carbon energy solutions and the rights of Indigenous communities. Similar disputes over lithium, cobalt, and other resources are unfolding in Serbia, Argentina, and Congo, with local populations voicing fears of environmental and cultural destruction.
Dire Warnings
The report warns that mining operations bring deforestation and pollution and the threat of disease outbreaks among uncontacted populations who lack immunity to common illnesses. Survival International contends that such activities could constitute a violation of international law, which requires free, prior, and informed consent from Indigenous communities—something the uncontacted Hongana Manyawa cannot provide.
Eramet maintains it has listened to concerns from Survival International and taken additional precautions. The company reiterated its adherence to international mining and human rights standards.
A Growing Crisis
As the demand for minerals rises, the conflict between environmental sustainability and Indigenous rights intensifies. For the Hongana Manyawa, the stakes could not be higher: their way of life, culture, and existence hang in the balance.
