In an unprecedented move, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law on Tuesday night, citing threats to democracy. The declaration, followed by swift political backlash and protests, was revoked within hours. This marks the first instance of martial law in South Korea in over 40 years.
What Is Martial Law?
Martial law occurs when civilian laws are suspended, and the military takes control. In South Korea, Article 77 of the constitution permits this during emergencies like war or armed conflict. This gives the military authority to enforce laws and restrict civil liberties.
South Korea martial law was last invoked during the country’s authoritarian regimes of the 1970s and 1980s. The declaration has sparked debate over its legitimacy and implications.
Why Did South Korea Declare Martial Law?
President Yoon accused the opposition of “anti-state activities,” claiming they had paralysed the government. He announced the declaration in an emergency televised address, stating, “Martial law is critical for defending the country’s constitutional order.”
The government issued a six-point decree banning political activities, strikes, and “gatherings inciting social unrest.” Media outlets were placed under martial law authority, and medical staff were ordered back to work within 48 hours.
Yoon’s justification included alleged threats from North Korea and internal political challenges. Critics, however, have questioned the evidence behind these claims.
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Parliamentary Rejection and Public Protests
The National Assembly reacted swiftly, with 190 lawmakers voting unanimously to reject the declaration. Security forces had briefly surrounded the Assembly, attempting to block politicians from entering. Despite this, the opposition gathered and called for the withdrawal of martial law.
Protesters outside the Assembly chanted for President Yoon’s resignation, with some labelling the move “illegal and unconstitutional.” Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung condemned the declaration as undemocratic.
“Martial law? I thought it was deepfake content,” wrote one social media user. Others feared it signalled conflict with North Korea.
The Sudden Reversal
By early Wednesday morning, President Yoon announced the withdrawal of martial law. “There was a demand from the National Assembly to lift the state of emergency,” he said in a televised address. “We will accept the request and lift martial law through the Cabinet meeting.”
The military was withdrawn, and political activities resumed. The abrupt reversal has left analysts questioning Yoon’s leadership and the political motivations behind the move.
What’s Next for South Korea?
Opposition parties have promised to impeach President Yoon. Cho Kuk, head of a minor opposition party, said they would gather votes to push for impeachment. Union groups also announced ongoing protests until Yoon steps down.
“More people are gathering in Seoul, including those who previously avoided protests,” noted Sojin Lim, a political analyst.
President Yoon’s approval ratings had already been declining due to allegations of corruption and mismanagement. His decision to declare martial law has further damaged his reputation.
International Reaction
The international community has expressed concern over South Korea’s political instability. The United States voiced “grave concern” but welcomed the reversal.
China urged caution among its citizens in South Korea, while Russia called the situation “alarming.” Western diplomats fear the incident will harm South Korea’s global reputation and financial markets.
“This makes South Korea look very unstable,” said Mason Richey, a professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. “It’s a diplomatic and economic setback.”
South Korea’s History with Martial Law
South Korea transitioned to democracy in the late 1980s after decades of military rule. During the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee, martial law was used to suppress dissent. His successor, Chun Doo-hwan, orchestrated a violent crackdown on pro-democracy protests in Gwangju in 1980.
The current generation of South Koreans has little experience with such measures. The abrupt declaration of martial law south korea has reignited memories of past authoritarian regimes.
Travel Advisory for Australians
Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) updated travel advice for South Korea, urging Australians to avoid protests. “Stay away from mass gatherings and monitor updates,” said Finance Minister Katy Gallagher.
Conclusion
The declaration and swift revocation of martial law south korea highlight deep political divisions within the country. President Yoon Suk Yeol’s actions have triggered widespread backlash and calls for his resignation.
As South Korea grapples with this political crisis, the focus remains on maintaining democratic stability and addressing public concerns.
